* Total CO2 Emissions is calculated by taking 2.68 (kg) CO2 emitted for every liter of diesel of consumed, based on research from the university of Exeter
* The Penang Institute, in its 2019 proposal for cabon tax in Malaysia, proposed an introductory rate of RM 35 per tCO2e, before rising to RM 150/tCO2e by the end-2030
* Total Fleets based on research from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD - STAT)